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The Twelfth International World Wide Web Conference 
20-24 May 2003, Budapest, HUNGARY 

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Short Abstract: The objective of our work is to enhance the usability of Web enterprise applications when accessed by mobile devices. Our approach is a combination of cost efficient server-side adaptation and extensions to established markup languages to assist in single source authoring. For this purpose we have defined a so-called Renderer-Independent Markup Language (RIML) that we like to present and to discuss with the workshop participants.

RIML is used for defining the user interface of Web enterprise applications in a renderer-independent way. A RIML document can be transformed into multiple target languages suitable for a wide range of visual browsers on mobile devices and even voice browsers. The inclusion of application-level clues enables an efficient and automated transformation into the respective target markup language, ensuring that the generated output on targeted devices and browsers meets user expectations. RIML as an XML-based language combines features of several existing markup languages in a XHTML language profile. The RIML profile specification defines which parts of XHTML are used and how parts of XForms, SMIL BasicContentControl and new extensions are integrated.

The presentation and subsequent discussion in the workshop will focus on the features of the RIML language profile, which are:

  • Focus on device-independent visual and voice user interface description
  • Device independent forms with XForms, and translation into multiple target languages.
  • Multiple layouts: The author can define multiple overall page layouts in a single RIML document. We will describe how RIML allows defining multiple page layouts separately from the document content.
  • Pagination and navigation: Whenever a RIML document is too large to fit on a single page, it will be paginated. The division into multiple pages and means for navigating among these pages are generated automatically from application-level hints provided by the author. We will describe the language features RIML introduces for this purpose.
  • Alternative and optional content: RIML allows for alternative variants of the same content and also optional content through RIML Extended Content Control that is based on SMIL BasicContentControl.
  • Additional Content Control test attributes on technical device and on browser level and especially usability level allow including sufficient application-level clues into a RIML to ensure usable adaptation results on a wide range of terminals.

We intend to use the feedback from the workshop for future improved versions of RIML. The development of a RIML adaptation system and some demonstration applications is underway. We will report on first results as well.

A consortium consisting of SAP Research, IBM Germany, and Nokia Research Center along with CURE, UbiCall, and Fuijitsu Invia carries out this on-going work, which is partly funded by the European Union. The name of this joint project is CONSENSUS, its home page can be found from http://www.consensus-online.org/.

Short Bio: -
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